Mrl3.doc

NATIONAL REGISTRATION AUTHORITY FOR
AGRICULTURAL AND VETERINARY CHEMICALS
MRL Standard
Maximum residue limits in food and animal feedstuff
December 2001
Residue definition
Maximum residue limits (MRLs) for a commodity are set for
residues measured by a valid method of analysis. This
method may measure the chemical or a derivative of the
chemical and may include metabolites originating from the
parent compound or other chemicals. In some cases, the
nominal concentration of the parent compound is calculated
from the measured concentration of a metabolite, but in
other cases a derivative or metabolite is used as a measure
of the residue. The residue to which the MRL applies is
given for each chemical compound. Residue definitions for
compounds which no longer have entries in Tables 1, 4 or 5
have been retained in Table 3 for reference as analyses may
still be required for compounds whose use is no longer
permitted.

National Registration Authority for Agricultural and Veterinary Chemicals
PO Box E240
KINGSTON ACT 2604 AUSTRALIA
Ph: +61 (0)2 6272 3212
Fax: +61 (0)2 6272 3551
Email: [email protected]
Compound
Residue
Abamectin
Sum of avermectin B1a, avermectin B1b and (Z)-8,9 avermectin B1a, and (Z)-8,9 avermectin B1b Acephate
Acephate (Note: the metabolite methamidophos has separate MRLs) Acetamiprid
Commodities of plant origin: Acetamiprid Commodities of animal origin: sum of acetamiprid and N-demthyl acetamiprid ((E)-N1-[(6-chloro-3-pyridyl)methyl]-N2-cyanoacetamidine), expressed as acetamiprid Acifluorfen
Acinitrazole
Aklomide
Albendazole
Sum of albendazole, its sulfoxide, sulfone and sulfone amine, Albendazole sulfoxide see Albendazole
Aldicarb
Sum of aldicarb, its sulfoxide and its sulfone, expressed as aldicarb Aldoxycarb
Sum of aldoxycarb and its sulfone, expressed as aldoxycarb Aldrin and Dieldrin
Aliphatic alcohol ethoxylates
Alloxydim
Alloxydim sodium see Alloxydim
Alpha-cypermethrin
Residues arising from the use of alpha-cypermethrin see Cypermethrin
are covered by the MRLs for cypermethrin. Altrenogest
Aluminium phosphide see Phosphine
Aminocarb
Aminoethoxyvinylglycine
Sum of amitraz and N-(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-N '- methylformamidine, expressed as N -(2,4-dimethylphenyl)- N'- methylformamidine Amitrole
Amoxycillin
Inhibitory substance, identified as amoxycillin Ampicillin
Inhibitory substance, identified as ampicillin Amprolium
Apramycin
Atrazine
Avermectin B1 see Abamectin
Avilamycin
Inhibitory substance, expressed as avilamycin Compound
Residue
Avoparcin
Azaconazole
Azamethiphos
Azaperone
Azinphos-methyl
Aziprotryn
Azoxystrobin
Bacitracin
Inhibitory substance, identified as bacitracin Benalaxyl
Bendiocarb
Commodities of plant origin: unconjugated bendiocarb; Commodities of animal origin: sum of conjugated and unconjugated bendiocarb, 2,2 -dimethyl-1,3-benzodioxol-4-ol and N-hydroxymethylbendiocarb, expressed as bendiocarb Benfluralin
Benfuresate
Benomyl see Carbendazim
Residues arising from the use of benomyl are covered by MRLs for carbendazim Bensulfuron-methyl
Bensulide
Bentazone
Benzocaine
Benzofenap
Sum of benzofenap, benzofenap-OH and benzofenap-Red, expressed as benzofenap Benzyladenine
Benzyl G Penicillin
Inhibitory substance, identified as benzyl G penicillin Betacyfluthrin see Cyfluthrin
BHC (other than the γ isomer, Lindane)
Sum of isomers of 1 ,2,3,4,5,6-hexachlorocyclohexane, other than lindane Bifenthrin
Bioresmethrin
Bitertanol
Buprofezin
Brodifacoum
Bromacil
Bromophos-ethyl
Bromopropylate
Bromoxynil
Bromsalans
Brotianide
Bupirimate
Compound
Residue
Buquinolate
Butacarb
Butafenacil
Butroxydim
Butylamine
Sum of butylamine salts and base, expressed as butylamine sec-Butylamine see Butylamine
Cadusafos
Cambendazole
Camphechlor
see Chlorinated terpene isomers
Carbaryl
Carbendazim
Sum of carbendazim and 2 -aminobenzimidazole, expressed as carbendazim Carbetamide
Carbofuran see also Carbosulfan and Furathiocarb
Carbosulfan see Carbofuran
Residues arising from the use of carbosulfan are covered by MRLs for Carbofuran Carbofuran see also Furathiocarb
Sum of carbofuran and 3 -hydroxycarbofuran, expressed as carbofuran Carbon disulfide
Carbonyl sulphide
Carbophenothion
Sum of carbophenothion, its sulfoxide and its sulfone, expressed as carbophenothion Carboxin
Carfentrazone-ethyl
Ceftiofur
Cefuroxime
Inhibitory substance, identified as cefuroxime Cephalonium
Inhibitory substance, identified as cephalonium Cephapirin
Cephapirin and des -acetylcephapirin, expressed as cephapirin Chinomethionat see Oxythioquinox
Chlordane
Sum of cis- and trans- chlordane and in the case of animal products also includes ‘oxychlordane’ Chlorfenac
Chlorfenapyr
Chlorfenvinphos
Chlorfenvinphos, sum of E and Z isomers Chlorfluazuron
Chlorhexidine
Chloridazon
Compound
Residue
Chlorinated terpene isomers
(including Strobane and Camphechlor)
Chlormequat
Chlornidine
Chloropicrin
Chlorothalonil
Chloroxuron
Sum of chloroxuron and all metabolites hydrolysed to p-chlorophenoxyaniline, expressed as chloroxuron Chlorpropham
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos-methyl
Chlorsulfuron
Chlortetracycline
Inhibitory substance, identified a s chlortetracycline Chlorthal-dimethyl
Chlorthiophos
Clavulanic acid
Clenpyrin
Clethodim see Sethoxydim
Residues arising from the use of clethodim are covered by the MRLs for sethoxydim Clodinafop acid
(R)-2-[4-(5-chloro-3-fluoro-2-pyridinyloxy) phenoxy] propanoic acid Clodinafop-propargyl
Clofentezine
Clomazone
Clopyralid
Cloquintocet acid
Cloquintocet-mexyl
Clorsulon
Closantel
Cloxacillin
Inhibitory substance, identified as cloxacillin Coumaphos
Sum of coumaphos and its oxygen analogue, expressed as coumaphos Crotoxyphos
Crufomate
Cyanamide
Cyanazine
Cyclanilide
Sum of cyclanilide and its methyl ester, expressed as cyclanilide Cycloprothrin
Compound
Residue
Cycloxydim
Sum of cycloxydim, its desethoxy, oxazole-ring residue and dipentane acid metabolites, together with sulfoxides and sulfones of these products and 5 -hydroxy derivatives of the above, expressed as cycloxydim Cyfluthrin
Cyhalothrin
Cyhexatin
Sum of cyhexatin and dicyclohexyltin oxide, expressed as cyhexatin Cymiazole
Cypermethrin
Cyproconazole
Cyprodinil
Cyromazine
Daminozide
Sum of p,p '-DDT; o,p '-DDT; p,p '-DDE and p,p '-TDE (DDD) Decoquinate
Deltamethrin
Desmetryn
Dexamethasone
Dexamethasone triethylacetate
see Dexamethasone
Diafenthiuron
Sum of diafenthiuron; N -[2,6-bis(1-methylethyl)- 4-phenoxyphenyl]-N'-(1,1-dimethylethyl)urea; and N-[2,6-bis(1-methylethyl)-4-phenoxyphenyl]- N'-(1,1-dimethylethyl)carbodiimide, expressed as diafenthiuron Diazinon
Dichlobenil
Dichlofluanid
Dichlone
Dichlorvos
Diclazuril
Diclobutrazol
Diclofop-methyl
Dicloran
Sum of dicofol and 2,2,2 - trichloro-1-(4-chlorophenyl)- 1-(2-chlorophenyl)ethanol, expressed as dicofol Compound
Residue
Dicyclanil
Sum of dicyclanil and i ts triaminopyridyl metabolite expressed as dicyclanil Dieldrin see Aldrin and Dieldrin
Difenoconazole
Difenzoquat
Diflubenzuron
Diflufenican
Dimethipin
Dimethirimol
Dimethoate
Sum of dimethoate and omethoate, expressed as see also Omethoate
Dimethomorph
Sum of E and Z isomers of dimethomorph Dimetridazole
Dinitolmide
Dinitro-o-toluamide see Dinitolmide
Dinocap and related nitro-octylphenols, expressed as dinocap Diofenolan
Dioxathion
Sum of cis- and trans- dioxathion Diphenamid
Diphenyl
Diphenylamine
Disulfoton
Sum of disulfoton and demeton-S and their s ulfoxides Dithianon
Dithiocarbamates (mancozeb, metham,
Total dithiocarbamates, determined as CS2 evolved metiram, propineb, thiram, zineb
and ziram)
Sum of diuron and 3,4 - dichloroaniline, expressed as diuron Doramectin
EDC see Ethylene dichloride
Emamectin
Emamectin B , plus its 8,9 -Z isomer and emamectin Endosulfan
Sum of α- and β- endosulfan and endosulfan sulphate Endothal
Compound
Residue
Enilconazole see Imazalil
Eprinomectin
Erythromycin
Inhibitory substance, identified as erythromycin Esfenvalerate see Fenvalerate
Ethephon
Ethofumesate
Ethopabate
Ethoprophos
Ethoxyquin
Ethylene dichloride
Etofenprox
Etridiazole
Febantel
Fenaminosulf
Fenamiphos
Sum of fenamiphos, its sulfoxide and sulfone, expressed as fenamiphos Fenarimol
Fenazaflor
Fenbendazole
Fenbutatin oxide
Bis[tris(2-methyl-2-phenylpropyl)tin]-oxide Fenchlorazole-ethyl
Fenchlorphos
Fenfuram
Fenhexamid
Fenitrothion
Fenoprop
Fenoxaprop-ethyl
Sum of fenoxaprop-ethyl (all isomers) and 2-(4-(6-chloro-2-benzoxazolyloxy)phenoxy)-propanoate and 6-chloro-2,3-dihydrobenzoxazol-2-one, expressed as fenoxaprop-ethyl Fenoxycarb
Fenpiclonil
Fenpyroximate
Fensulfothion
Sum of fensulfothion, its oxygen analogue and their sulfones, expressed as fensulfothion Fenthion
Sum of fenthion, its oxygen analogue, and their sulfoxides and sulfones, expressed as fenthion Compound
Residue
Fentin hydroxide, excluding inorganic tin and di- and mono-phenyltin Fenvalerate
Fipronil
Sum of fipronil, the sulphenyl metabolite (5-amino-1- [2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-4-[(trifluoromethyl) sulphenyl]-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile), the sulphonyl metabolite (5-amino-1-[2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-4-[(trifluoromethyl)sulphonyl]-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile), and the trifluoromethyl metabolite (5-amino-4-trifluoromethyl-1-[2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile). Flamprop-methyl
Flamprop-m-methyl see Flamprop-methyl
Flavophospholipol
Fluazifop-p-butyl
Sum of Fluazifop-butyl, fluazifop and their conjugates, expressed as fluazifop Fluazifop-butyl
Fluazinam
Fluazuron
Fluchloralin
Flucythrinate
Fludioxonil
Commodities of animal origin: sum of fludioxonil and oxidizable metabolites, expressed as fludioxonil Commodities of plant origin: fludioxonil Flumethrin
Flumetsulam
Fluometuron
Sum of fluometuron and 4 -trifluoromethylaniline, expressed as fluometuron Fluorine (inorganic salt)
Flupropanate
Fluquinconazole
Fluroxypyr
Flusilazole
Flutriafol
Fluvalinate
Fosamine ammonium
Fosetyl aluminium
Furathiocarb see Carbofuran
Residues arising from the use of furathiocarb are covered by MRLs for carbofuran Furazolidone
Gentian violet
Gibberellic acid
Compound
Residue
Glufosinate and Glufosinate ammonium
Sum of glufosinate -am monium and 3 -[hydroxy(methyl)-phosphinoyl] propionic acid, expressed as glufosinate (free acid) Glyphosate
Griseofulvin
Guazatine
Halofuginone
Halosulfuron-methyl
Haloxyfop
Sum of haloxyfop, its esters and conjugates, expressed as haloxyfop Halquinol
Heptachlor
Sum of heptachlor and heptachlor epoxide Hexaconazole
Hexaflurate
Hexazinone
Hexythiazox
Hydrogen cyanide
All cyanides, expressed as hydrogen cyanide Hydrogen phosphide see Phosphine
S-Hydroprene
Hydroxyethylhydrazine
Imazalil
Imazamox
Imazapic (formerly known as Imazameth) Sum of imazapic and its hydroxymethyl derivative
Imazapyr
Imazaquin
Compound
Residue
Imazethapyr
Imidacloprid
Sum of imidacloprid and metabolites containing the 6 -chloropyridinymethylenemoiety, expressed as imidacloprid Imidocarb (dipropionate salt)
Indoxacarb
Inorganic bromide
Iodosulfuron methyl
Iprodione
Isocarbophos
Isoeugenol
Isoeugenol, sum of cis - and trans - isomers Isofenphos
Isoproturon
Isoxaflutole
the sum of isoxaflutole, 2 -cyclopropylcarconyl-3-(2-methylsulfonyl-4-trifluoromethylphenyl)-3-oxopropanenitrile and 2 -methylsulfonyl-4-trifluoromethylbenzoic acid expressed as isoxaflutole Ivermectin
Kitasamycin
Inhibitory substance, identified as kitasamycin Kresoxim-methyl
Commodities of plant origin: Kresoxim -methyl Commodities of animal origin: sum of a -(p-hydroxy-o-tolyloxy)-o-tolyl(methoxyimino) acetic acid and (E)-methoxyimino[a-(o-tolyloxy)-o-tolyl] acetic acid, expressed as kresoxim -methyl Lasalocid
Levamisole
Lincomycin
Inhibitory substance, identified as lincomycin Sum of linuron plus 3,4 -dichloroaniline, expressed as linuron Lufenuron
Lysocellin sodium
Maduramicin
Magnesium phosphide see Phosphine
Malathion see Maldison
Maldison
Maleic hydrazide
Sum of free and conjugated maleic hydrazide, expressed as maleic hydrazide Mancozeb see Dithiocarbamates
Compound
Residue
Mebendazole
Mecoprop
Mefenpyr-diethyl
Mefluidide
Meloxicam
Mepiquat
Metalaxyl-M (see Metalaxyl)
Residues arising from the use of Metalaxyl -M are covered by the MRLs for metalaxyl Metalaxyl
Metaldehyde
Methabenzthiazuron
Methacrifos
Metham see Dithiocarbamates
Methamidophos see also Acephate
Metham-sodium see Metham
Methazole
Methidathion
Methiocarb
Sum of methiocarb, its sulfoxide and sulfone, expressed as methiocarb Methomyl see also Thiodicarb
Sum of methomyl and methyl hydroxythioacetimidate (‘methomyl oxime’), expressed as methomyl Methoprene
Methoprene, sum of cis- and trans-isomers Methoxychlor
Methoxyfenozide
Methyl benzoquate
Methyl bromide
Metichlorpindol
Metiram see Dithiocarbamates
Metolachlor
Metosulam
Metoxuron
Metribuzin
Metsulfuron-methyl
Mevinphos
Molinate
Monensin
Monocrotophos
Morantel
Compound
Residue
Moxidectin
Myclobutanil
{T} Sum of naled and dichlorvos, expressed as naled Naphthalene acetic acid
Naphthalophos
Napropamide
Naptalam
Neomycin
Inhibitory substance, identified as neomycin Netobimin
Residues arising from the use of netobimin are covered see Albendazole
Nicarbazin
Nifursol
Nimidane
Nitralin
Nitrothal-isopropyl
Nitroxynil
Norflurazon
Norgestomet
Novaluron
Novobiocin
Olaquindox
Sum of olaquindox and all metabolites which reduce to 2-(N-2-hydroxyethylcarbamoyl)-3-methyl quinoxalone, expressed as olaquindox Oleandomycin
Omethoate see also Dimethoate
OPP see 2-Phenylphenol
Oryzalin
Oxabetrinil
Oxadixyl
Sum of oxamyl and 2-hydroxyimino-N,N-dimethyl- 2-(methylthio)-acetamide, expressed as oxamyl Oxfendazole
Oxolinic acid
Inhibitory substance, identified as oxolinic acid Oxydemeton-methyl
Sum of oxydemeton-methyl and demeton-S-methyl sulphone, expressed as oxydemeton-methyl Compound
Residue
Oxycarboxin
Oxyclozanide
Oxyfluorfen
Oxytetracycline
Inhibitory substance, identified as oxytetracycline Oxythioquinox
Paclobutrazol
Paraquat
Parathion
Parathion-methyl
Parbendazole
PCP (and its sodium salt)
Pebulate
Penconazole
Pencycuron
Pendimethalin
Permethrin
Phenmedipham
Phenothrin
Sum of phenothrin (+)cis- and (+)trans-isomers Phenoxymethyl V penicillin
Inhibitory substa nce, identified as phenoxymethyl V penicillin 2-Phenylphenol
Sum of 2-phenylphenol and 2 -phenylphenate, expressed as 2 -phenylphenol Sum of phorate, its oxygen analogue, and their sulfoxides and sulfones, expressed as phorate Phosalone
Sum of phosmet and its oxygen analogue, expressed as phosmet Phosphine
All phosphides, expressed as hydrogen phosphide (phosphine) Picloram
Picolinafen
Commodities of plant origin: Picolinafen Commodities of animal origin: Sum of picolinafen and 6-[3-trifluoromethyl phenoxy]-2-pyridinecarboxylic acid Piperonyl butoxide
Pirimicarb
Sum of pirimicarb, dimethyl -pirimicarb and N-formyl-(methylamino) analogue and dimethylformamido-pirimicarb, expressed as pirimicarb Pirimiphos-methyl
Praziquantel
Procaine penicillin
Inhibitory substance, identified as procaine penicillin Compound
Residue
Prochloraz
Sum of prochloraz and its metabolites containing the 2,4,6-trichlorophenol moiety, expressed as prochloraz Procymidone
Profenofos
Promacyl
Promecarb
Prometryn
Propachlor
Propamocarb
Propanil
Propaquizafop
Propaquizafop and acid and oxophenoxy metabolites, measured as 6 -chloro-2-methoxyquinoxaline, expressed as propaquizafop Propargite
Propazine
Propetamphos
Propiconazole
Propineb see Dithiocarbamates
Propoxur
Propyzamide
Prothiofos
Pymetrozine
Pyraclofos
Pyrazophos
Pyrethrins
Sum of pyrethrins I and II, cinerins I and II and jasmolins I and II, determined after calibration by means of the International Pyrethrum Standard Pyridaben
Pyridate
Sum of pyridate and metabolites containing 6 -chloro-4-hydroxy-3-phenyl pyridazine, expressed as pyridate Pyrimethanil
Pyrithiobac sodium
Quinoxyfen
Quintozene
Sum of quintozene, pentachloroaniline and methyl pentachlorophenyl sulfide, expressed as quintozene Quizalofop-ethyl
Sum of quizalofop-ethyl and quizalofop acid and other esters, expressed as quizalofop-ethyl Quizalofop-p-tefuryl
Sum of quizalofop-p-tefuryl and quizalofop acid, expressed as quizalofop-p-tefuryl Rafoxanide
Compound
Residue
Rimsulfuron
S-metolachlor (see Metolachlor)
Residues arising from the use of S-metolachlor are covered by the MRLs for metolachlor Salinomycin
sec-Butylamine (see Butylamine)
Semduramicin
Sethoxydim
Sum of sethoxydim and metabolites containing the 5-(2-ethylthiopropyl)cyclohexene-3-one and 5-(2-ethylthiopropyl)-5-hydroxycyclohexene-3-one moieties and their sulfoxides and sulfones, expressed as sethoxydim Simazine
Spectinomycin
Inhibitory substance, identified as spectinomycin Spinosad
Spiramycin
Inhibitory substance, identified as spiramycin Streptomycin and Dihydrostreptomycin
Inhibitory substance, identified as streptomycin or dihydrostreptomycin Strobane
see Chlorinated terpene isomers
Sulfosulfuron
Sum of sulfosulfuron and its metabolites which can be hydrolysed to 2-(ethylsulfonyl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine, expressed as sulfosulfuron Sulphadiazine
Sulphadimidine
Sulphadoxine
Sulphur dioxide
Sulphanitran
Sulphaquinoxaline
Sulphatroxazole
Sulprofos
Tebuconazole
Tebufenozide
Tebufenpyrad
Tebuthiuron
Sum of tebuthiuron, and hydroxydimethylethyl, N-dimethyl and hydroxy methylamine metabolites, expressed as tebuthiuron Temephos
Sum of temephos and temephos sulfoxide, expressed as temephos Terbacil
Terbufos
Sum of terbufos, its o xygen analogue and their sulfoxides and sulfones, expressed as terbufos Terbutryn
Compound
Residue
Tetrachlorvinphos
Tetracycline
Inhibitory substance, identified as tetracycline Tetradifon
Tetrathiocarbonate ion
Carbon disulfide plus any substances producing carbon disulfide during storage or analysis, expressed as carbon disulfide Tetronasin
Sum of tetronasin and its monohydroxy derivatives Thiabendazole
Thiabendazole or, in the case of animal products, sum of thiabendazole and 5 -hydroxythiabendazole, expressed as thiabendazole Thiamethoxam
Thidiazuron
Thifensulfuron
Thiobencarb
Thiodicarb see also Methomyl
Sum of thiodicarb, methomyl and methomyl oxime, expressed as thiodicarb Thiometon
Sum of thiometon, its sulfoxide and sulfone, expressed as thiometon Thiophanate see Carbendazim
Residues arising from use of thiophanate are covered by MRLs for carbendazim Thiophanate-methyl see Carbendazim
Residues arising from thiophanate -methyl are covered by the MRLs for carbendazim Thiram see Dithiocarbamates
Tiamulin
Tilmicosin
Tolclofos-methyl
Toltrazuril
Sum of toltrazuril, its sulfoxide and sulfone, expressed as toltrazuril Tolylfluanid
Tralkoxydim
Trenbolone acetate
The sum of trenbolone acetate and 17 alpha - and 17 beta-trenbolone, both free and conjugated, expressed as trenbolone Triadimefon
Sum of triadimefon and triadimenol, expressed as see also Triadimenol
Triadimenol
see also Triadimefon
Triallate
Triasulfuron
Tribenuron-methyl
S,S,S-Tributyl phosphorotrithioate
see Tribufos
Trichlorfon
Compound
Residue
Trichloroethylene
Triclabendazole
Sum of triclabendazole and metabolites oxidisable to keto-triclabendazole and expressed as keto -triclabendazole equivalents Triclopyr
Tridemorph
Trifloxystrobin
Sum of trifloxystrobin and its acid metabolite ((E,E)-methoxyimino-[2-[1-(3-trifluormethylphenyl)-ethylideneaminooxymethyl]phenyl] acetic acid), expressed as trifloxystrobin equivalents Trifloxysulfuron sodium
Triflumizole
Sum of triflumizole and (E)-4-chloro-α,α,α-trifluoro-N-(1-amino-2-propoxyethylidene)-o-toluidine, expressed as triflumizole Triflumuron
Trifluralin
Triforine
Trimethoprim
Triticonazole
Uniconazole–p
Sum of uniconazole-p and its Z-isomer expressed as uniconazole-p Vamidothion
Sum of vamidothion, its sulfoxide and sulfone, expressed as vamidothion Virginiamycin
Inhibitory substance, identified as virginiamycin Zeta-cypermethrin
Residues arising from the use of zeta -cypermethrin see cypermethrin
are covered by the MRLs for cypermethrin Zinc phosphide see Phosphine
Zineb see Dithiocarbamates
Ziram see Dithiocarbamates

Source: http://fluoridealert.org/wp-content/pesticides/australia.mrlnames.dec.2001.pdf

Giornale_previdenza-02-2008

Al Prof. Eolo Parodi Direttore di "Il Giornale della Previdenza dei Medici e degli Odontoiatri" Via Torino, 38 - 00184 Roma e per conoscenza Alla Federazione Nazionale Ordini dei Medici - FNOMCeO Piazza Cola di Rienzo 80/A - 00192 Roma Alla Associazione Italiana Sclerosi Multipla - AISM Vico chiuso Paggi, 3 - 16129 Genova Ordine dei Medici Chirurghi e degli Odontoia

Lesson one: esther chapter

Book Profile . . . The book of Esther was recorded in Scripture to show how the Jewish people were protected and preserved from annihilation by the gracious hand of God—the sovereign controller of mankind’s history. The author’s identity is unknown, but the knowledge of Persian customs and etiquettes, and the familiarity of the palace and details of the king’s reign, indicate that the a

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