Bundle of Misery
The Diagnosis for an Inconsolable Infant Might Be Reflux, Not Colic
Kim Fernandez Special to The Washington Post August 27, 2002; Page F1
this year in the Archives of Pediatrics &
Adolescent Medicine, GERD "is a common
weeks later. If Joseph was awake and not
disease of infancy, with a prevalence as
high as 18 percent in [otherwise] healthy
constantly, he was howling, writhing and
children." What complicates the picture is
experience twice or more daily vomiting,
Association. But only for some of those --
hours, he would often collapse into sleep,
but only for an hour or two and only while
distress or failure to thrive to move it into the
disease category. Parent activists say the condition is underdiagnosed, and there's at
Try Mylicon gas drops and bring him in the next morning. Her exam found nothing
wrong. She told me to prepare myself for
Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology and
pediatricians better diagnose and treat the
allowed for colic to run its course. She
was nearly out the door when she paused.
"gastroesophageal reflux (GER), defined as
"Does he spit up a lot?" she asked. He did
the passage of gastric contents into the
almost every time he nursed. "It might be
prescription for the acid inhibitor Zantac
GER, are common pediatric problems."
and an order for an upper GI series test.
intentioned parents, provoking feelings of
esophagus closed improperly, allowing his
22 months for a diagnosis while doctor after
vomiting was more a laundry problem than
stomach acid churning in his throat, which
a medical one. He refused solid food until
problems weren't over, he was lucky and so were we.
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during set times of the day, typically 5 p.m.
to 11 p.m. Reflux babies, on the other hand,
can hurt at any time, most frequently during
were taken as signs she was lacking as a
mother. "The doctor told me that I couldn' t
"These are very irritable children," he
says. "Unlike colicky babies, where taking
problem was with me," she says. "He
them outside in a car seat or sitting them on
actually pointed his finger at me and said,
top of a washing machine or dryer in a seat
' That' s the problem. You' re tired of it.'
" might help calm them down, typical
helpful. Parents of these babies are under a
indication: more questioning of the term
growing in clout. A study published last year
"colic." According to William Cochran,
in the Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology
percent of infants with colicky symptoms
two studies, one of children with recurrent
recurrent sinusitis, and found that a majority
simply refers to a baby' s crying for more
of both groups had reflux. Treatment for
Bill Sears, associate clinical professor
but only for a few weeks. The pediatrician
of pediatrics at the University of California,
Irvine, School of Medicine, agrees. "You
several home remedies. When these didn't
never accept the term ' colic,' " says Sears, work, we landed at the gastroenterology
department of Children' s National Medical
(When the first edition of his "The Baby
Book" was published 10 years ago, it contained two paragraphs on GERD; the
new version, slated for publication next
throat. Under a specialist' s care, we tried
chapter to the topic.) "One of the cliches is
weeks after our initial consultation, we
that colic is a five-letter word that means
finally hit on the right one. At about 22
the doctor doesn' t know what' s wrong."
marking the first time in many weeks that he
had slept for more than an hour or two at a
pediatrician "you' re not going to leave until time. they find out why your baby hurts."
dismiss colic, and distinguish carefully
as acid inhibitors fail to soothe a baby, tests
between its symptoms and those of reflux.
are often used to rule out other anatomical
Sirlin, a former assistant professor of pediatrics at Children' s National Medical
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esophagoscopy -- placing a lighted tube in
wait through two weeks of screaming, call
the esophagus while the patient is under
anesthesia -- the test is considered too
pH probe, in which a small piece of tubing
reflux babies. Some liken the experience to
is placed down the baby' s throat for 12 to
living with a volcano that can erupt at any
time. Going out with the baby, even for a
anesthesia is needed in what' s often an
outpatient procedure. Another test, called
becomes unmanageable. Parents often find
a scintography, uses a computerized scan
themselves terrified that their babies will
choke to death when they do fall asleep -- a
rare but possible occurrence -- and tune in
themselves. "We worry very much about the
families," says Beth Anderson, who runs the
60 to 90 minutes -- can contribute to GER.
endoscopy -- inserting a tube through the
advocacy group that provides information
and support for reflux families. "We' ve had
stomach and intestines to check for reflux-
that they' ve hallucinated," says Anderson.
"Parenting a child with reflux is definitely
intensive-care parenting, and it' s 24/7."
midmorning feeding so that he would drink
siblings of refluxers. "Children of reflux do
a bottle containing a barium solution while
try the patience of a saint," says Anderson.
"Every parent we' ve talked to has admitted
that they had visions of throwing the baby
through the window. They were scared that
proved his reflux; he "refluxed" all over the
they were borderline capable of doing that,"
technician. But more important, the test showed that his intestines and stomach
were free of anatomical abnormalities that
Prevacid, the drug that ultimately stopped
his pain -- and his incessant screaming -- I left the house for an hour to get my hair cut.
In the parking lot, I fantasized about running
to see if medications we hadn' t yet tried
away. For about five minutes, I sat in my car
and sobbed, feeling like the worst mother in
Prilosec, have to build up in the baby' s
can gauge if they' re helpful or not. In
nonstop. He takes a long nap every day and
Joseph' s case, the first few drugs we tried sleeps through the night more often than
after his Zantac stopped working didn' t do not. He still takes Prevacid once a day. The
anything much for him. We' d start a drug,
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has dropped markedly. It gets worse right
losing its effectiveness. She' s getting ready to take him to a speech therapist --
delays. The therapist will also teach him to
accept different food textures -- another
thing reflux has kept him from experiencing.
old, is struggling with eating issues as
continued treatment and working with a speech pathologist will help him overcome
good job,' " she says. "That was the first
Sidebar: For Parents: How to Recognize The Problem and Help Treat
repertoire. However, persistent prolonged occurrences -- crying that
feeding -- warrant a doctor' s attention.
others advise parents to try them in the hopes of avoiding medical interventions.
by pediatricians Bill Sears and Scott Sirlin:
Reflux Association, a Germantown-based advocacy group, possible signs
of reflux in infants include the following:
with rice cereal. The idea here is to enlist gravity to help keep formula down.
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count, there are only 11 in the Washington
threatening or severely debilitating cases:
doctors wrap a band of muscle around the
• Ask Dr. Sears: Enter "reflux"
Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, "in unusual
Reflux Association, offers information and
Maalox; acid inhibitors such as Zantac; acid blockers such as Prevacid or Prilosec; motility drugs, such as Reglan; anti-ulcer drugs, such as Carafate.
consider insisting on a referral to a specialist, advises Scott Sirlin, a Children' s National Medical Center gastroenterologist.
approach: Because of the small pool of pediatric gastroenterologists -- by Sirlin' s
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Development of a Gastric-Resistant Formulation of Omeprazole with Kollicoat MAE 30 DP and 100 P and Characterization by USP-Resistance-Test and ESR-Spectroscopy K. Mäder, Martin-Luther-University, 06099 Halle, GermanyK. Bräunig, K. Kolter and K. Meyer, BASF-Aktiengesellschaft, Development Pharma Ingredients, 67056 Ludwigshafen, Germany Coating formulation Dissolution test of omeprazol
REGOLAMENTO GENERALE Il Consiglio Accademico Visto il DPR 28/2/2003 n.132 recante “Criteri per l’autonomia statutaria, regolamentare e organizzativa delle Istituzioni artistiche e musicali, a norma della legge 21/12 1999 n.508” Visto lo Statuto dell'Istituto Superiore di Studi Musicali Vittadini, approvato dal MIUR con Decreto n°538 del 13/07/2006 Visto il Decreto del Presidente