KNOW TB: GET LITERATE! Treatment outcomes of new TB cases 2000–2009
Standard regimens for DS-TB, MDR-TB and XDR-TB
Patients who have never been treated for TB in the past or have
New cases of TB
taken treatment for less than 4 weeks in the past
Intensive Phase: 1 pill (FDC) daily containing: isoniazid, rifampicin, Continuation Phase:
2000 to 71% in 2009. The treatment success rate of
Intensive Phase: A daily injection Retreatment cases of TB
Patients who have been treated for 4 weeks or more in the past
containing: isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide, ethambutol
Source: National Strategic Plan on HIV, STIs and TB 2012-2016, Available at www.sanac.org.za
Intensive Phase: 1 pill (FDC) daily containing: isoniazid, rifampicin, Continuation Phase: 1 pill (FDC) daily containing: isoniazid, rifampicin, The five countries in the world with the largest number of new TB cases in 2011
MDR-TB patients have a strain of TB that is resistant to one or more
Multi-Drug Resistant TB anti-TB drugs i.e. rifampicin and/or isoniazid Incidence rates per 100,000 population Intensive Phase: An injection of
oral intake at least six times a week of:
Continuation Phase: Oral intake at 2–2,5m 0,9–1,1m
least six times a week of: moxifloxacin,
XDR-TB patients have a strain of TB that is not only resistant to first-line
Extensively Drug Resistant TB
drugs but also resistant to two key classes of second-line anti-TB drugs
Intensive Phase: A daily injection 3. South Africa 0,4–0,6m Continuation Phase: Daily oral
Note: With MDR and XDR-TB, standard regimens can be switched to individualised regimens that are individually designed.
4. Indonesia
Changes are based on a patient’s previous history of treatment and DST (Drug Susceptibility Test) results. 0,4–0,5m
References: National Tuberculosis Management Guidelines 2009; Management of Drug-resistant Tuberculosis. Policy Guidelines, August 2011
5. Pakistan 0,3–0,5m
Source: WHO Global Tuberculosis Report 2012
South Africa has the third highest estimated total burden of TB in the world after China and India. While total TB burden numbers give us a picture of where most cases of TB are located in the world, the incidence rate per 100,000 population gives us an idea of the concentration or
density of TB in our population. TB is a highly infectious disease and every active TB case can infect up to 20 people in its surroundings per year.
The incidence rate therefore helps to tell us how serious the threat of TB in our population actually is.
Data measuring the TB incidence rate per 100,000 population show that South Africa has the highest burden of disease globally, and at a level
that is far above China’s and India’s. According to this measure, China drops to 21st place and India to 16th place globally, while Zimbabwe
ONE 8(1): e54587. doi:10.1371/journal. pone.0054587
and Mozambique rise to the 2nd and 3rd places respectively. A large amount of cross-border labour migration occurs between Zimbabwe, Mozambique and South Africa and this makes the concentration of TB in these neighbouring countries worrying.
Nido d’infanzia CLARINA Capienza complessiva Stanze di riferimento Personale della struttura 4 Educatrici a tempo pieno 4 Addette d’appoggio part-time accoglienza, salone dedicato al movimento e alla psicomotricità, laboratori per le attività grafico pittoriche, la manipolazione e i travasi, angoli morbidi, angoli attrezzati per la lettura, la musica, le costruzio
Impact of LOSP Treated Timber on Polystyrene Claddings Background With the increased use of LOSP treated framing, questions have been raised about the effect of fixing polystyrene claddings onto treated framing. This trial was set up by Osmose to determine whether there were any adverse effects from fixing polystyrene claddings onto LOSP treated framing. Trial Outline Samples of