Publications of Lian Yu as of 1 July 2011 1. Zhu, L.; Brian, C.; Swallen, S. F.; Straus, P. T.; Ediger, M. D.; Yu, L. Surface Diffusion of
an Organic Glass. Phys. Rev. Lett.2011, 106, 256103-1 to 256103-4.
2. Cai, T.; Zhu, L.; Yu, L. Crystallization of Organic Glasses: Effects of Polymer Additives on
Bulk and Surface Crystal Growth in Amorphous Nifedipine. Pharm. Res.2011, in press.
3. Sun, Y.; Zhu, L.; Kearns, K. L.; Ediger, M. D.; Yu, L. Glasses Crystallize Rapidly at
Surfaces by Growing Crystals Upward. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A.2011, 108(15), 5990- 5995.
4. Malshe, R.; Ediger, M. D.; Yu, L.; de Pablo, J. J. Evolution of glassy gratings with variable
aspect ratios under surface diffusion. J. Chem. Phys.2011, 134(19), 194704/1-194704/8.
5. Zhu, L.; Cai, T.; Huang, J.; Stringfellow, T. C.; Wall, M.; Yu, L. Water Self Diffusion in
Glassy and Liquid Maltose Measured by Raman Microscopy and NMR. J. Phys. Chem. B 2011, 115(19), 5849-5855.
6. Dawson, K. J.; Zhu, L.; Yu, L.; Ediger, M. D Anisotropic structure and transformation
kinetics of vapor-deposited indomethacin glasses. J. Phys. Chem. B.2011, 115, 455-463.
7. Yu, L. Polymorphism in Molecular Solids: An Extraordinary System of Red, Orange, and
Yellow Crystals. Acc. Chem. Res. 2010, 43, 1257-1266. Cover article.
8. Zhu, L.; Yu, L. Generality of Forming Stable Organic Glasses by Vapor Deposition. Chem. Phys. Lett.2010, 499, 62–65.
9. Sun, Y.; Tao, J.; Zhang, G. G. Z.; Yu, L. Solubilities of Crystalline Drugs in Polymers:
Improved Analytical Method and Comparison of Solubilities of Indomethacin and Nifedipine in PVP, PVP/VA, and PVAc. J. Pharm. Sci. 2010, 99, 4023-4031.
10. Strydom, S.; Liebenberg, W.; Yu, L.; de Villiers, M. The effect of temperature and moisture
on the amorphous-to-crystalline transformation of stavudine. Int. J. Pharmaceutics2009, 379, 72-81.
11. Sun, Y.; Xi, H.; Ediger, M. D.; Richert, R.; Yu, L. Diffusion-Controlled and “Diffusionless”
Crystal Growth near the Glass Transition Temperature: Relation between Liquid Dynamics and Growth Kinetics of Seven ROY Polymorphs. J. Chem. Phys.2009, 131, 074506/1- 074506/9.
12. Strydom, S.; Zhu, L.; Yu, L.; de Villiers, M. Ultra-Thin Coatings for Stabilizing Amorphous
Drugs against Surface-Enhanced Crystallization. Scientia 2009, September Issue.
13. Zhao, J.; Ediger, M. D.; Sun, Ye; Yu, L. Two DSC Glass Transitions in Miscible Blends of
Polyisoprene/Poly(4-tert-butylstyrene). Macromolecules2009, 42, 6777-6783.
14. Dawson, K. J; Kearns, K. L; Yu, L.; Steffen, W.; Ediger, M. D. Physical vapor deposition as
a route to hidden amorphous states. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci.2009, 106, 15165-15170.
15. Kearns, K. L.; Sun, Y.; Swallen, S. F.; Yu, L.; Ediger, M. D. Calorimetric evidence of two
distinct molecular packings in stable glasses of indomethacin. J. Phys. Chem. B2009, 113, 1579-1586.
16. Xi, H.; Sun, Y.; Yu, L. Diffusion-controlled and Diffusionless Crystal Growth in Liquid o-
Terphenyl near Its Glass Transition Temperature. J. Chem. Phys.2009, 130, 094508/1 – 094508/9.
17. Tao, J.; Sun, Y.; Zhang, G. G. D.; Yu, L. Solubility of Small-Molecule Crystals in Polymers:
D-Mannitol in PVP, Indomethacin in PVP/VA, and Nifedipine in PVP/VA. Pharm. Res. 2009, 26, 855 – 864. No. 1 most viewed paper of Pharm. Res. online (4681 times by 28 Feb. 2011; http://www.pharmagateway.net/MostViewedArticles.aspx?JournalID=11095).
18. Zhu, L.; Wong, L.; Yu, L. Surface-Enhanced Crystallization of Amorphous Nifedipine.
Scientia 2008, September Issue.
19. Huang, J.; Stringfellow, T. C.; Yu, L. Glycine Exists Mainly as Monomers, Not Dimers, in
Supersaturated Aqueous Solutions: Implications for Understanding Its Crystallization and Polymorphism. J. Am. Chem. Soc.2008, 130, 13973-13980.
20. Zhu, L.; Wong, L.; Yu, L. Surface-Enhanced Crystallization of Amorphous Nifedipine.
Molecular Pharmaceutics 2008, 5, 921-926.
21. Kearns, K. L.; Swallen, S. F.; Ediger, M. D.; Wu, T.; Sun, Y.; Yu, L. Hiking down the
Energy Landscape: Progress toward the Kauzmann Temperature via Vapor Deposition. J. Phys. Chem. B2008, 112, 4934-4942.
22. Sun, Y.; Xi, H.; Chen, S.; Ediger, M. D.; Yu, L. Crystallization near Glass Transition:
Transition from Diffusion-Controlled to Diffusionless Crystal Growth Studied with Seven Polymorphs. J. Phys. Chem. B2008, 112, 5594-5601.
23. Sun, Y.; Xi, H.; Ediger, M. D.; Yu, L. Diffusionless Crystal Growth from Glass Has
Precursor in Equilibrium Liquid. J. Phys. Chem. B2008, 112, 661-664.
24. Ediger, M.; Harrowell, P.; Yu, L. Crystal Growth Kinetics Depend on Liquid Fragility. J. Chem. Phys.2008, 128, 034709/1-034709/6.
25. Yu, L. Survival of the fittest polymorph: how fast nucleater can lose to fast grower.
CrystEngComm, 2007, 9, 847 – 851. Invited Highlight.
26. Tao, J.; Yu, L. Cross-Nucleation between D-Mannitol Polymorphs in Seeded Crystallization.
Cryst. Growth & Design 2007, 7, 2410-2414.
27. Kearns, K. L.; Swallen, S. F.; Ediger, M. D.; Wu, T.; Yu, L. Influence of Substrate
Temperature on the Stability of Glasses Prepared by Vapor Deposition. J. Chem. Phys. 2007, 127, 154702.
28. Ishida, H.; Wu, T.; Yu, L. Sudden Acceleration of Crystal Growth of Nifedipine near Tg
without and with Polyvinylpyrrolidone. J. Pharm. Sci.2007, 96, 1131-8.
29. Wu, T.; Sun, Y.; Li, N.; de Villiers, M.; Yu, L. Inhibiting Surface Crystallization of
Amorphous Indomethacin by Nanocoating. Langmuir 2007, 23, 5148-5153.
30. Milton, N.; Gopalrathnam, G.; Craig, G. D.; Mishra, D. S.; Roy, M. L.; Yu, L. Vial breakage
during freeze-drying: crystallization of sodium chloride in sodium chloride-sucrose frozen aqueous solutions. J. Pharm. Sci.2007, 96, 1848-1853.
31. Kanatzidis, Mercouri G.; Poeppelmeier, Kenneth R.; Bobev, Svilen; Guloy, Arnold M.; Hwu,
Shiou-Jyh; Lachgar, Abdou; Latturner, Susan E.; Schaak, Raymond E.; Seo, Dong-Kyun; Sevov, Slavi C.; Stein, Andreas; Dabrowski, Bogdan; Greedan, John E.; Greenblatt, Martha; Grey, Clare P.; Jacobson, Allan J.; Keszler, Douglas A.; Li, Jing; Subramanian, Mas A.; Xia, Younan; Cagin, Tahir; Haeussermann, Ulrich; Hughbanks, Timothy; Mahanti, S. D.; Morgan, Dane; Seo, Dong-Kyun; Spaldin, Nicola A.; Buhro, William E.; Giammar, Daniel E.; Hollingsworth, Jennifer A.; Johnson, David C.; Nozik, Arthur J.; Peng, Xiaogang;
Bedard, Robert L.; Brese, Nathaniel E.; Cao, Guang; Dhingra, Sandeep S.; Kagan, Cherie R.; Mitzi, David B.; Geselbracht, Margret J.; Lisensky, George C.; Lufaso, Michael W.; Maggard, Paul A.; Michael, O'Keeffe; Wilkinson, Angus P.; zur Loye, Hans-Conrad; Egami, Takeshi; Greedan, John E.; Hodges, Jason P.; Martin, James D.; Parise, John B.; Toby, Brian H.; Vanderah, Terrell A.; Burns, Peter C.; Chan, Julia Y.; Meyer, Anne E.; Murray, Christopher B.; Ramirez, Arthur P.; Ward, Michael D.; Yu, Lian; Alario-Franco, Miguel A.; Battle, Peter D.; Bein, Thomas; Cahill, Christopher L.; Halasyamani, P. Shiv; Maignan, Antoine; Seshadri, Ram. Report from the third workshop on future directions of solid-state chemistry: The status of solid-state chemistry and its impact in the physical sciences. Progress in Solid State Chemistry 2007, 36(1-2), 1-133.
32. Swallen, S.; Kearns, K.; Mapes, M.; McMahon, R.; Kim, S.; Ediger, M.; Yu, L.; Wu, T.;
Satija, S. Extraordinarily Stable Glassy Materials Prepared by Vapor Deposition. Science 2007, 315, 353 – 356.
33. Huang, J.; Chen, S.; Guzei, I. A.; Yu, L. Discovery of a Solid Solution of Enantiomers in a
Racemate-Forming System by Seeding. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2006, 128, 11985-11992.
34. Wu, T.; Yu, L. Origin of Enhanced Crystal Growth Kinetics near Tg Probed with
Indomethacin Polymorphs. J. Phys. Chem. B 2006, 110, 15694-15699.
35. Wu, T.; Yu, L. Surface Crystallization of Indomethacin below Tg. Pharm. Res. 2006, 23,
36. Tao, J.; Yu, L. Kinetics of Cross-Nucleation between Polymorphs. J. Phys. Chem. B2006,
37. Huang, J.; Yu, L. Effect of Molecular Chirality on Racemate Stability: Amino Acids with
Non-polar R Groups. J. Am. Chem. Soc.2006, 128, 1873-1878
38. Chen, S.; Xi, H.; Yu, L. Cross Nucleation between ROY Polymorphs. J. Am. Chem. Soc.2005, 127, 17439-17444.
39. Martin, O. M.; Yu, L.; Mecozzi, S. Solution self-assembly and solid state properties of
fluorinated amphiphilic calix[4]arenas. Chem. Commun.2005, 39, 4964 - 4966
40. Yu, L.; Huang, J.; Jones, K. J. Measuring Free-Energy Difference between Crystal
Polymorphs through Eutectic Melting. J. Phys. Chem. B2005, 109, 19915-19922.
41. Chen, S.; Guzei, I. A.; Yu, L. New Polymorphs of ROY and New Record for Coexisting
Polymorphs of Solved Structures. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2005, 127, 9881-9885.
42. Milton, N.; Pyne, A.; Mishra, D.; Yu, L. The Exploration and Use of Thermal Analytical
Technologies During Formulation and Process Development of Freeze-Dried Products. Amer. Pharm. Rev., 2003, 6, 46-51.
43. Yu, L. Nucleation of One Polymorph by Another. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2003, 125, 6380-6381.
Featured in Chem. & Eng. News, 2003, 81(May 19), 36 and Science News 2004, 166, 113- 128.
44. Yu, L. Growth Rings of D-Sorbitol Spherulites: Connection to Concomitant Polymorphs and
Growth Kinetics. Cryst. Growth & Design 2003, 3, 967-971.
45. Telang, C.; Suryanaryana, R.; Yu, L. Crystallization of D-mannitol in binary mixtures with
NaCl: phase diagram and polymorphism. Pharm. Res. 2003, 20, 1939-1945.
46. Telang, C.; Yu, L.; Suryanaryana, R. Effective Inhibition of Mannitol Crystallization in
Frozen Solutions by Sodium Chloride. Pharm. Res.2003, 20, 660-667.
47. Yu, L.; Ng, K. Glycine Crystallization during Spray Drying: The Effect of pH on
Polymorphic and Salt Forms. J. Pharm. Sci.2002, 91, 2367-2375.
48. Yu, L. Red, Orange and Yellow Polymorphs of a Conformationally Flexible Molecule:
Single-Crystal Spectroscopy, Optical Crystallography and Computational Chemistry. J. Phys. Chem. A 2002, 106, 544-550.
49. Mitchell, C. A.; Yu, L.; Ward, M. D. Selective Nucleation and Discovery of Organic
Polymorphs through Epitaxy with Single Crystal Substrates. J. Am. Chem. Soc.2001, 123, 10830-10839.
50. Yu, L. Amorphous Pharmaceuticals - Preparation, Characterization and Stabilization. Adv. Drug Delivery Rev. 200148, 27-42.
51. Yu, L.; Stephenson, G. A.; Mitchell, C. A.; Bunnell, C. A.; Snorek, S. V.; Bowyer, J. J.;
Borchardt, T. B.; Stowell, J. G.; Byrn, S. R. Thermochemistry and Conformational Polymorphism of a Hexamorphic Crystal System. J. Am. Chem. Soc.2000, 122, 585-591. Featured in Science News 2004, 166, 113-128 and Polymorphism in Molecular Crystals (a textbook by Joel Bernstein; Oxford Univ. Press, 2002).
52. Reutzel, S. M.; Russell, V.; Yu, L. Molecular Basis for the Stability Relationships between
Homochiral and Racemic Crystals of Tazofelone: A Spectroscopic, Crystallographic, and Thermodynamic Investigation, J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans 22000, 913-924.
53. Yu, L.; Reutzel-Edens, S. M.; Mitchell, C. M. Crystallization and Polymorphism of
Conformationally Flexible Molecules, Org. Process R&D 2000, 4, 396-402.
54. Yu, L.; Milton, N.; Groleau, E.; Mishra, D.; Vansickle, R. Existence of a Mannitol Hydrate
During Freeze-Drying and Practical Implications. J. Pharm. Sci.1999, 88, 196-198.
55. Yu, L.; Reutzel, S. M.; Stephenson, G. A. Physical Characterization of Polymorphic Drugs:
an Integrated Characterization Strategy. Pharm. Sci. Tech. Today1998, 1, 118-127.
56. Yu, L.; Mishra, D.; Rigsbee, D. Determination of the Glass Properties of Mannitol Using
Sorbitol as an Impurity. J. Pharm. Sci.1998, 87, 774-777.
57. Yu, L. Relative Stability of Polymorphs: Constructing Quantitative Stability-Temperature
Diagram from Melting, Eutectic Melting and Other Thermodynamic Data. Pharm. Res. 1997, 14, 185S.
58. Yu, L.; Mishra, D.; Rigsbee, D.; Vansickle, R.; Groleau, E.; Milton, N. Solid-State Studies
of Mannitol and Mannitol-Sorbitol Mixtures. Pharm. Res.1997, 14, 445S.
59. Stephenson, G. A.; Borchardt, T. B.; Byrn, S. R.; Bowyer, J. J.; Snorek, S. V.; Bunnell, C.
A.; Yu, L. Conformational and Color Polymorphism of LY290437. J. Pharm. Sci.1995, 84,1385.
60. Yu, L. Inferring Thermodynamic Stability Relationship of Polymorphs from Melting Data.
J. Pharm. Sci.1995, 84, 966.
61. Schwier, J.; Cooke, G.; Hartauer, K.; Yu, L. Rayon: A Source of Furfural-A Reactive
Aldehyde Capable of Insolublizing Gelatin Capsules. Pharm. Tech.1993, May, 78.
62. Yu, L.; Cullin, D.; Williamson, J.; Miller, T. High Resolution Laser Spectroscopy of
Asymmetrically Deuterated Cyclopentadienyl Radicals: A Study of Vibronic Degeneracy Resolution and Jahn-Teller Distortion. J. Chem. Phys.1993, 98, 2682.
63. Yu, L.; Williamson, J.; Foster, S.; Miller, T. High Resolution Laser Spectroscopy of Free
Radical- Inert Gas Complexes. J. Chem. Phys.1992, 97, 5273.
64. Cullin, D.; Yu, L.; Williamson, J.; Miller, T. High-Resolution Spectroscopy of Jet-Cooled
Substituted Cyclopentadienyl Radicals. J. Phys. Chem1992, 96, 89.
65. Yu, L.; Cullin, D.; Williamson, J.; Miller, T. Rotationally Resolved Laser Spectroscopy of
Methylcyclopentadienyl Radical and Deuterated Analog. J. Chem. Phys.1991, 95, 804.
66. Chang, B.; Yu, L.; Cullin, D.; Rehfess, B.; Williamson, J.; Miller, T.; Fawzy, W.; Zheng, S.;
Sei, P.; Heaven, M. Rotational, Fine and Hyperfine Structure in the High Resolution Electronic Spectrum of ArOH and ArOD. J. Chem. Phys1991, 95, 7086.
67. Yu, L.; Foster, S.; Williamson, J.; Miller, T. High Resolution Electronic Spectroscopy of
Jet-Cooled Hexa- and 1,3,5-trifluorobenzene Cations. J. Chem. Phys. 1990, 92, 5794.
68. Liu, X.; Yu, L.; Miller, T. Jahn-Teller Induced Corrections to Rotational and Fine-Structure
Parameters in Doubly Degenerate Electronic States. J. Mol. Spectros.1990, 140, 112.
69. Cullin, D.; Yu, L.; Williamson, J.; Platz, M.; Miller, T. Reinvestigation of the Electronic
Spectrum of Phenyl Nitrene Radical. J. Phys. Chem.1990, 94, 3387.
70. Liu, X.; Foster, S.; Williamson, J.; Yu, L.; Miller, T. Spin-Rotation Interaction in Methoxy
Radical. Mol. Phys.1990, 69, 357.
71. Yu, L.; Williamson, J.; Miller, T. Rotationally Resolved Electronic Spectrum of Jet-Cooled
Deuterated Cyclopentadienyl Radical. Chem. Phys. Lett.1989, 162, 431.
72. Yu, L.; Foster, S.; Williamson, J.; Heaven, M.; Miller, T. Rotationally Resolved Electronic
Spectrum of Jet-Cooled Cyclopentadienyl Radical. J Phys. Chem.1988, 92, 4263.
73. Liu, X.; Damo, C. P.; Lin, T. Y. D.; Foster, S. C.; Misra, P.; Yu, L.; Miller, T. A. Free jet-
cooled laser-induced fluorescence spectrum of methoxy radical. 2. J. Phys. Chem.1989, 93, 2266-75.
74. Liu, L.; Damo, C.; Lin, D.; Foster, S.; Misra, P.; Yu, L.; Miller, T. Free-Jet Cooled Laser-
Induced Fluorescence Spectrum of Methoxy Radical. J. Phys. Chem. 1986, 93, 6766. Book Chapters and Monographs
75. Yu, L. High-resolution laser spectroscopy of cyclopentadienyl radical and its derivatives in a
supersonic free jet expansion. (1991). CAN 116:94462 AN 1992:94462. Ph.D. Thesis.
76. Yu, L.; Reutzel-Edens, S. M. Crystallization Basic Principles. Encyclopedia of Food Sciences and Nutrition. Academic Press: London (2002).
Patents 1. N-(2-Arylethyl)Benzylamines as Antagonists of the 5-Ht6 Receptor (P12511A) (2001)
2. Yu, Lian; De Villiers, Melgardt M.; Wu, Tian. Inhibiting surface enhanced crystallization of amorphous pharmaceuticals with ultrathin coatings. U.S. Pat. Appl. Publ. (2008), 17pp. CODEN: USXXCO US 2008233157 A1 20080925 CAN 149:386401 AN 2008:1155830. 3. Ediger, Mark D.; Swallen, Stephen; Kearns, Ken; Yu, Lian; Wu, Tian. Unusually stable glasses and methods for forming same. U.S. Pat. Appl. Publ. (2008), 24pp. CODEN: USXXCO US 2008213365 A1 20080904 CAN 149:316008 AN 2008:1070389. 4. Zhang, Geoff G. Z.; Yu, Lian; Tao, Jing; Sun, Ye; Maegerlein, Markus. Method for evaluating the solubility of a crystalline substance in a polymer. PCT Int. Appl. (2009), 29 pp. CODEN: PIXXD2 WO 2009135799 A2 20091112 CAN 151:536889 AN 2009:1394498 5. Tao, J.; Sun, Y.; Yu, L.; Zhang, G. G. D.; Maegerlein, M. Provisional US patent application 61/297,424 (Jan. 10, 2010) on Analytical Method for Measuring Solubilities of Crystalline Drugs in Polymers.
Tvangsmedisinering som permanent unntakstilstand – Erfaringer fra feltarbeid Studien analyserer hvordan tvangsmedisinering praktiseres og oppleves av pasienter og ansatte. Den bygger på feltarbeid i en lukket akuttpsykiatrisk døgnenhet. Funnene oppsummeres i tre hovedpunkter: a) Både pasienter og ansatte opplevde avmakt overfor tvangsmedisinering, men ansatte mente at medikamenter var nødve