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Research Journal of
Pharmacy and Technology
Vo
lume 06, Issue 10, October 2013
ISSN 0974-3618 (PRINT) ISSN 0974-360X (ONLINE)
CONTENT
RESEARCH ARTICLE
• A Simple and Sensitive RP-HPLC Method for Simultaneous Estimation of Atorvastatin Calcium,
Ezetimibe and Fenofibrate in Combined Tablet Dosage Form
Abhijit D. Dhiware, Padmanabh B. Deshpande, Santosh V. Gandhi, Sujith Nair, Suvarna Vanjari………………. • Formulation and Evaluation of Sustain Release Microsphere of Tretinoin for the Treatment of Acne
vulgarise
Pooja Shivane, Sridevi G., Gopkumar P. and Sujit Pillai………………………………………………………………… • Antispasmodic effect of Myristica fragrance
Shamkuwar Prashant B.*, Agrawal Yogesh P., Agrawal Mona Y……….……………………………………………… • Preparation and Evaluation of Diclofenac Niosomes by Various Techniques
Y. Prem Kumar, K. Vinod Kumar, V. Sai Kishore…………………………………………………………………………. • Method Development and Validation for Simultaneous Estimation of Montelukast and Fexofenadine in
Pharmaceutical Dosage Form by HPLC Method
Rituraj Singh Chundawat, Y.S. Sarangdevot, R.P.S. Rathore, Dharmendra Singh Sisodiya, Udaibhan Singh Rathore…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. • Development and Validation of RP-HPLC Method for Simultaneous Estimation of Cholecalcererol
(Vitamin D3) and Tocopherol Acetate (Vitamin E) in Powder Dosage Form
Thorat Shashikant D., Ghodeswar B. C., Darode G. S., Shinde N. S., Chaudhari S. R. ……………………………. • Candida Infections of the Genitourinary Tract
Dr. V. Sangamithra, Mr. Ranbir Verma, Dr. S. Sengottuvelu, Mrs. R. Sumathi………………………………………. • Development and Validation of Analytical Methods for Pravastatin
Jane Jacob, Jani Vishal M. …………………………………………………………………………………………………. • Synthesis, Characterization and Biological Activity of Mixed Ligand Complexes of Isatin
A. Anto Arockia Raj, J.Vinnarasi, Dr. R. Venkataraman…………………………………………………………………. • Screening of Antiepileptic Activity of Leaves of Sapindus trifoliatus Linn.
Jennifer Fernandes, Bhat K.Ishwar, Fernandes Ronald…………………………………………………………………. • Evaluation of Hepatoprotective Activity of Rhizomes of Curculigo orchioides Gaertn
G. Babu, N. K. Shalima, T. A. Divya, T. Divya……………………………………………………………………………. • Efficacy of Electron Beam Irradiation on Microbial Safety and Medicinal Quality of Ashwagandha
Mamatha A. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. • Formulation and Evaluation of Pulsincap of Tramadol HCl for the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis
Mangesh A. Bhutkar, Swapna R. Khochage, Snehal D. Mali, Sadhana B. Todkar…………………………………… • Antimicrobial Activity of Asparagus racemosus Willd from Root Extracts – A Medicinal Plant
L. S. Patel and R. S. Patel……………………………………………………………………………………………………. • Formulation and in vitro evaluation of gastroretentive drug delivery systems of amoxicillin trihydrate
Mohammed Ehtesham Ur Rahman, Mohammed Abdul Haseeb, Mohammed Saleem, Abdul Naveed……. • Correlation of serum leptin levels with insulin resistance in Syrian obese patients with type 2 diabetes
mellitus
Hamed Mohsen, Haddad Shaden, AL Quobili Faiza, Hammoud Taghrid……………………………………………. • Evaluation of Anthelmintic Activity of Cassia tora L. Leaves against Pheretima Posthuma
M. Mate, A.S. Kulkarni , P.P. Mehta , S.P. Dhamane………………………………………………………….…………. • Newer Process Development of Trimetazidine Dihydrochloride
Dr. Nandini R. Pai and Swapnali Suhas Patil……………………………………………………………………………. • Analysis of Emamectin Benzoate Residues in Cauliflower using HPLC
Aiyalu Rajasekaran, Thangadurai Beneeta, Krishnadas Meeradas, Joy Thomas Sajini and Sandeep Narayanan…. REVIEW ARTICLE
• An approach to a Nutraceutical
Mrs. Archana A. Bele, Dr. Anubha Khale…………………………………………………………………………………. • Role of Herbal Drugs in Nephrotoxicity and Neurological Disorder: Connecting a Bridge between
Kidney and Brain
Deepika Dutta, S.L Harikumar, Amarjot Kaur Grewal. …………………………………………………………………. • Acacia catechu a Pivotal in Root Canal Treatment-A Review
Suhashini R. and Lakshmi T. ………………………………………………………………………………………………… • Instruction to author……………….……………………………………………………….………….
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Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology, RJPT House, Lokmanya Grih Nirman Society, Rohanipuram, In-front of Sector- 1, Pt. Deendayal Upadhyay Nagar, Raipur 492 010. (CG) India Phone No. +919406051618. E. mail: [email protected] Website: www.rjptonline.org Abstract
RESEARCH ARTICLE
A Simple and Sensitive RP-HPLC Method for Simultaneous Estimation of Atorvastatin Calcium, Ezetimibe and
Fenofibrate in Combined Tablet Dosage Form
Abhijit D. Dhiware, Padmanabh B. Deshpande*, Santosh V. Gandhi, Sujith Nair, Suvarna Vanjari…………………….1085

Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, A.I.S.S.M.S. College of Pharmacy, Kennedy Road,
Pune - 411 001, MH, India

ABSTRACT:
A simple, accurate, and validated reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic (RP-HPLC) method for the
simultaneous determination of Atorvastatin Calcium, Ezetimibe and Fenofibrate in combined tablet dosage form was
developed and validated. Separation was carried out on Jasco HPLC system equipped with HiQ sil C18 HS column (250 ×
4.6 mm i.d.) and PDA detector using Methanol: Acetonitrile: 0.02M Ammonium acetate buffer pH adjusted to 10 with
Ammonia in ratio of (60:30:10, v/v/v) as the mobile phase and detection was carried out at 240 nm. Results were linear in
the range of 0.5-10 µg mL−1 for Atorvastatin Calcium and Ezetimibe and 10–60 µg mL−1 for Fenofibrate. The method
was successfully applied for the analysis of drugs in pharmaceutical formulation. Results of the analysis were validated
statistically and by recovery studies.
KEYWORDS: Atorvastain Calcium, Ezetimibe, Fenofibrate, RP-HPLC, Tablet dosage form
Formulation and Evaluation of Sustain Release Microsphere of Tretinoin for the Treatment of Acne vulgarise
Pooja Shivane, Sridevi G.*, Gopkumar P. and Sujit Pillai……………………………………………………………….1089

G.R.Y. Institute of Pharmacy, Borawan, Khargone -451228

ABSTRACT:
Tretinoin (TRT) is a metabolite of vitamin A, which is indicated primarily in the topical treatment of comedonal and
papulopustular Acne vulgaris. TRT suffers several disadvantages which can strongly limit its utility. To overcome
problems associated with topical delivery of TRA in the plain form, microsphere based sustained delivery formulation
were studied in present research.
Topical microspheres of tretinoin were prepared using different methods (double emulsification and solvent
evaporazation) and compared. Microspheres of tretinoin prepared in this study were nearly spherical. SEM pictures
indicated spherical particles with smooth surface and free of surface irregularities. The particle size range of microspheres
was between 20-150 µm, which is suitable enough for the preparation of topical gel formulations. The drug entrapment
efficiency by both method of preparation was admirable. Nearly 90% of the drug content of microspheres was released in
12 hrs. In vitro drug release from microspheres indicated Zero and Higuchi kinetics of drug release pattern. Prepared
microsphere based formulation helps in molecular tretinoin movement at the skin surface l rather than the crystalline form
of tretinoin, which may cause irritation and other skin disorders. Side effects of tretinoin are reduced dramatically when it
is applied as microbased formulation which also adds in faster absorprion of drug via skin surface. Microsperes also helps
in protecting Tretinoin against photo-degradation
KEYWORDS: Tretinoin, Microspheres, Double emulsification, Solvent evaporazation.
Antispasmodic effect of Myristica fragrance
Shamkuwar Prashant B.*, Agrawal Yogesh P., Agrawal Mona Y.…………………………………………………………….1094

Government College of Pharmacy, Thiba Palace, Ratnagiri 415612 India


ABSTRACT:
Myristica fragrans, family Myristicaceae (Nutmeg) is the dried kernel of seed and mace. It is one of the important
ingredients of Herbal antidiarrhoeal formulations. Effect of aqueous extract of Myristica fragrans was investigated on
spontaneous contractions of isolated guinea pig ileum and contractions induced by acetyl choline, nicotine, and histamine
in isolated guinea pig ileum. Myristica fragrans produced relaxation of guinea pig ileum and decreased acetyl choline and
histamine induced contraction while stimulant effect of nicotine on isolated guinea pig ileum was not significantly
changed by Myristica fragrans. It can be concluded that Myristica fragrans produced antispasmodic effect, may be through
muscarinic and histamine receptors but not via nicotinic receptors.
KEYWORDS: Acetyl choline, nicotine, histamine and Myristica fragrans.
Preparation and Evaluation of Diclofenac Niosomes by Various Techniques
Y. Prem Kumar*, K. Vinod Kumar, V. Sai Kishore………………………………………………………………………………1097

Department of Pharmaceutics, St. Ann’s College of Pharmacy, Chirala

ABSTRACT:
These techniques were aimed to develop sustain release formulation of Diclofenac Niosomes in order to provide better
therapeutic effect. Diclofenac Niosomes was prepared by different techniques. These are : Ether injection method (F1),
Ethanol injection method (F2), Sonication method (F3), Thin film hydration (F4) and Reverse phase evaporation technique
(F5) using 1:1:1 ratio of drug, cholesterol and surfactant (Tween 80). The formulations were optimized from the above
methods with respect to vesicle shape, particle size, entrapment efficiency, drug content, compatibility studies and in-vitro
drug release. The in-vitro release of the drug was consistent. The time course of drugs and their effects in the body are
assessed through pharmacokinetics which was provided by mathematical basis. The data collected from the release were
incorporated into release kinetic analyses which are Higuchi equation, Korsmeyer‐Peppas equations and Hixson‐Crowell
model along with zero order kinetics and first-order kinetics. The best fit with higher correlation (R2 > 0.98) was found
with the Korsmeyer-Peppas equation with the R2 value of 0.993The well spherical shaped Niosomes were obtained in all
the methods. FT-IR Spectra shows the drug and excipients were compatible. The in-vitro release studies indicate that all
the formulations exhibits retarded release for 24hrs.

KEYWORDS: Niosomes, Diclofenac, Tween 80, Chloroform and Cholesterol.


Method Development and Validation for Simultaneous Estimation of Montelukast and Fexofenadine in
Pharmaceutical Dosage Form by HPLC Method
Rituraj Singh Chundawat*, Y.S. Sarangdevot, R.P.S. Rathore, Dharmendra Singh Sisodiya, Udaibhan Singh
Rathore…1102

Bhupal Nobles’ College of Pharmacy, Udaipur – 313002, Rajasthan, India.

ABSTRACT:
Objective of the present work was to develop a simple and precise HPLC method for montelukast sodium (MON) and
fexofenadine hydrochloride (FEX). The combination is used as anti‐asthmatic, anti‐allergic and is available in tablet
dosage form. HPLC separation was achieved with a hypersil ODS-C18 (5 µ, 250 mm x 4.6 mm, i.d.) as a stationary phase
and methanol: acetonitrile: 1% trifluoroacetic acid (80:10:10 v/v/v) as eluent, at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min, UV detection
was performed at 210 nm. The retention time of montelukast sodium and fexofenadine hydrochloride were found to be 5.1
and 3.7 min respectively. Results of analysis were validated by recovery studies. Result of studies showed that the
proposed RP-HPLC method is simple, rapid, accurate and precise which can be used for the routine determination of
montelukast sodium and fexofenadine hydrochloride in bulk and its pharmaceutical dosage form.
KEYWORDS: Montelukast sodium, Fexofenadine hydrochloride, Recovery, chromatography, Validation, stock solution.

Development and Validation of RP-HPLC Method for Simultaneous Estimation of Cholecalcererol (Vitamin D3)
and Tocopherol Acetate (Vitamin E) in Powder Dosage Form
Thorat Shashikant D.*, Ghodeswar B. C., Darode G. S., Shinde N. S., Chaudhari S. R. ………………………….1107

Department Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Amrutvahini Collage of Pharmacy, Sangamner, Dist- Ahmednagar, Maharashtra,
India.

ABSTRACT:
A simple, specific, accurate and precise Reverse Phase High Performance Liquid Chromatography method was developed
for simultaneous estimation of Cholecalceferol (Vitamin D3) and Tocopherol Acetate (Vitamin E) in powder dosage form
on RP C-18 Column (EC 250/4 neucleosil 100-10) using Methanol : Water (97:3 %v/v) as mobile phase. The flow rate
was 1.0 ml/min and effluent was monitored at 274nm. The retention time for Cholecalceferol (Vitamin D3) and
Tocopherol Acetate (Vitamin E) was found to be as 8.78 and 12.80 respectively. Proposed method was validated for
Specificity, Precision, Accuracy, Linearity, and Robustness.
KEYWORDS: Cholecalceferol, Tocopherol Acetate, Reverse Phase High Performance Liquid Chromatography.

Candida Infections of the Genitourinary Tract
Dr. V. Sangamithra1, Mr. Ranbir Verma2, Dr. S. Sengottuvelu3, Mrs. R. Sumathi4*…………………………….1111

1Associate Professor, Dept. of Microbiology, Madha Medical College, Kovur, Chennai. 2Asst. Professor, Dreamz College of Pharmacy, Khilra Sundarnagar, Himachal Pradesh 3Department of Pharmacology, Nandha College of Pharmacy, Erode- 638052 4Asst. Professor, Nandha College of Pharmacy, Erode- 638052.

ABSTRACT:
All humans are colonized with Candida species, mostly Candida albicans, yet some develop diseases due to Candida,
among which genitourinary manifestations are extremely common. The forms of genitourinary candidiasis are distinct
from each other and affect different populations. While vulvovaginal candidiasis affects mostly healthy women, candiduria
occurs typically in elderly, hospitalized, or immunocompromised patients and in neonates. Despite its high incidence and
clinical relevance, genitourinary candidiasis is understudied, and therefore, important questions about pathogenesis and
treatment guidelines remain to be resolved. In this study, we observed that the current knowledge about genitourinary
candidiasis.

KEYWORDS: vulvovaginal candidiasis, SDA, CMA, CHROM Agar.

Development and Validation of Analytical Methods for Pravastatin
Jane Jacob*, Jani Vishal M. ………………………………………………………………………………………………….1116

Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, NGSM Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Paneer,
Deralakatte-575018

ABSTRACT:
Three simple, sensitive, accurate, precise, reliable and economical methods have been developed for the quantitative
estimation of Pravastatin in bulk and in its pharmaceutical formulation. Method-1 was an HPLC method and the
chromatographic separation was carried out on column of Hypersil ODS,3µm,10cm×4.6mm. The mobile phase comprised
of acetonitrile, methanol and 0.08M ortho phosphoric acid in the ratio of 23:20:57 v/v/v. The pH of the mobile phase was
adjusted to 2.8 by TEA (Tri Ethyl Amine), pumped at flow rate of 1 ml/min and eluent was monitored at 234 nm. Methods
2 & 3 were colorimetric estimations based on condensation reaction between Pravastatin and vanillin in presence of
concentrated Sulphuric acid resulting in the formation of blue colored chromogen which showed a linearity range 2-12
µg/ml at λmax of 610nm and a oxidative coupling reaction Pravastatin and chromogenic agent MBTH (3-Methyl -2-
benzothiazolinonehydrazone hydrochloride) in presence of cerric ammonium sulphate which obeyed Beer’s law in th
concentration range of 2-10 µg/ml at absorption maxima of 616nm respectively. The three methods were validated
statistically following ICH guidelines.
KEYWORDS: HPLC, UV visible spectroscopy, Pravastatin.
Synthesis, Characterization and Biological Activity of Mixed Ligand Complexes of Isatin
A. Anto Arockia Raj1*, J.Vinnarasi1, Dr. R. Venkataraman2………………………………………………………….1121

1Department of Chemistry, St. Xavier’s College (Autonomous), Palayamkottai-627 002, Tamil Nadu, India. 2Department of Chemistry, Sri Paramakalyani College, Alwarkurichi – 627 412, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India

ABSTRACT:
Complexes of Mn (II), Co (II), Ni (II), Cu (II) and Zn (II) were synthesized using isatin and p-phenylenediamine ligands.
The characterization and nature of bonding have been deduced from molar conductivity, FT-IR, UV-Visible and magnetic
studies. The results obtained from these studies were used to arrive at the structures of the complexes. Molar conductance
values indicate that all the complexes were non-electrolytic in nature. The study of electronic spectra along with magnetic
moments suggests that these complexes have distorted octahedral geometry. Mixed ligand complexes have been screened
for their invitro antibacterial (Proteus vulgaris, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli,
Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Micrococcus and Salmonella typhi “H”) activities by zone of inhibition
method. The copper complex possesses enhanced activity towards Escherichia coli.

KEYWORDS: Isatin, p –phenylenediamine, Transition metals, antibacterial activity..

Screening of Antiepileptic Activity of Leaves of Sapindus trifoliatus Linn.
Jennifer Fernandes*, Bhat K.Ishwar1, Fernandes Ronald2……………………………………………………………….1124

*Professor, Dept. of Pharma. Chem., NGSM Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Paneer-575018 India. 1Professor & Head, Dept of Pharma. Chem., N.G.S.M. Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Paneer-575018 India 2Professor, Dept of Pharma. Chem., N.G.S.M. Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Paneer-575018 India.

ABSTRACT:
The aim of the present study was to investigate anticonvulsant effect of ethanolic extract of the leaves of Sapindus
trifoliatus on electrically and chemically induced seizures. The ethanol extract of the leaves of Sapindus trifoliatus (100,
200 and 400 mg/kg) were studied for its anticonvulsant effect on maximal electroshock induced seizures and metrazol
(pentylenetetrazole) induced seizures in rats. Ethanolic extract of Sapindus trifoliatus (100,200 and 400 mg/kg)
significantly reduced the duration of seizures induced by maximal electroshock (MES) as well as protected animals from
metrazole induced tonic seizures.
KEYWORDS: Sapindus trifoliatus, antiepileptic activity, maximal electric shock, ethanol extract, Metrazol.
Evaluation of Hepatoprotective Activity of Rhizomes of Curculigo orchioides Gaertn
G. Babu*, N. K. Shalima, T. A. Divya, T. Divya…………………………………………………………………………….1127

Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Devaki Amma Memorial College of Pharmacy, Chelembra 673634,
Malappuram District, Kerala

ABSTRACT:
The present study was conducted to evaluate the hepatoprotective activity of ethyl acetate extract of rhizomes of Curculigo
orchioides. The extract at the dose of 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg b. wt. was tested for its hepatoprotection, by inducing
hepatotoxicity with CCl4 in Wistar albino rats and using silymarin (100 mg/kg) as the reference standard. Biochemical
parameters like, SGOT, SGPT, SALP and serum bilirubin were determined to assess the hepatoprotective effect. The
extract has shown significant hepatoprotection in albino rats in reducing SGOT, SGPT, SALP and serum bilirubin levels.
KEYWORDS: Antioxidant activity, hepatoprotection, Curculigo orchioides, DPPH assay, Free radical scavenging
activity, Aging, Cirrhosis
Efficacy of Electron Beam Irradiation on Microbial Safety and Medicinal Quality of Ashwagandha
Mamatha A.* ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………1131

Asst. Professor, Dept. of Pharmacognosy, KLE University’s College of Pharmacy, Bangalore 560010.

ABSTRACT:
Introduction: As herbal medicines are natural substances - insect and microbial contamination is unavoidable. If
untreated, these herbs will result in rapid spoilage and produces food borne illnesses. Therefore, sterilization is a must.
Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal) is one of the most widely used herb in Ayurvedic system of medicine.
Preliminary studies have shown that the plant is susceptible to microbial contamination. Irradiation as a sterilization
method is more advantageous than other methods like Heat, Steam under pressure, flowing steam or Ethylene oxide gases,
UV radiation etc. Electron beam irradiation is more eco friendly when compared to other methods. Hence, an attempt was
made to irradiate the samples of Ashwagandha using electron beam irradiation and thoroughly investigate its
pharmacognostical, physicochemical, phytochemical and microbial parameters.
Method: Authenticated samples of Ashwagandha were subjected to electron beam irradiation at different doses of 0, 2.5,
5, 7.5 and 10 kGY, at Microtron centre, Mangalore University. ‘0kGy’ indicates non irradiated sample. The non irradiated
and electron beam irradiated samples of Ashwagandha are then subjected to Pharmacognostic studies (morphological
and microscopical analysis), Physicochemical analysis (foreign matter, moisture content, Ash value, extractive values),
Phytochemical analysis to identify the constituents present in them and Microbial analysis. The result of non irradiated
sample is compared with the electron beam irradiated samples.
Results: Pharmacognostic, Physicochemical and Phytochemical analysis showed that, there were no significant changes in
electron beam irradiated samples in comparison to non irradiated samples.
Microbial Analysis: Non irradiated samples of Ashwagandha showed a high level of bacterial and fungal load and also
there was presence of specific pathogens like – E.Coli, Salmonella and Staphylococcus aureus. Whereas, there was a
drastic reduction in microbial load in electron beam irradiated samples and complete sterility was attained at a dose of
5kGy.
Conclusion: Electron beam irradiation was found to be a suitable sterilization method as it reduced the microbial load and
did not produce any significant changes in the pharmacognostic, physicochemical and phytochemical parameters in
Ashwagandha samples.

KEYWORDS:. Ashwagandha, electron beam irradiation, microbial analysis

Formulation and Evaluation of Pulsincap of Tramadol HCl for the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis
Mangesh A. Bhutkar, Swapna R. Khochage*, Snehal D. Mali, Sadhana B. Todkar……………………………….1137

Rajarambapu College of Pharmacy, Kasegaon, Sangli.


ABSTRACT:
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by painful joint swelling with stiffness at early
morning so the patients should be and provided with the adequate dose of the drug at that particular time. It is not possible
to give the drug to the patient everyday in the morning and therefore there is no patient compliance. Pulsincap drug
delivery system of Tramadol HCL is better option for these patients and also to impart the novelty to the existing
formulation. In this type of drug delivery system, delayed release of the drug is achieved by placing identical outer
sections, called “plug” made up of HPMC K4M enclosing an active drug in the capsule of a non-disintegrating body and a
soluble cap. For formulation of a Pulsincap system an empty hard gelatin capsule is used. In this empty hard gelatin
capsule, a rate controlling plug is filled at the mouth and a tablet containing Tramadol HCL is kept inside. This system
release drug after predetermine lag time. Hence it was thought of preparing pulsincap drug delivery system of Tramadol
HCL which will release the drug after 7-8 h therefore there is better patient compliance.
KEYWORDS:. Rheumatoid arthritis, Pulsincap, plug, HPMC K4M, autoimmune disorder, lag time.

Antimicrobial Activity of Asparagus racemosus Willd from Root Extracts – A Medicinal Plant
L. S. Patel1* and R. S. Patel2……………………………………………………………………………………………………1141

2KKSJ Maninagar Science College, Ahmadabad

ABSTRACT:
The genus asparagus has been recently moved from the subfamily asparagus in the family Liliaceae to a newly created
family Asparagaceae. Asparagus racemosus Willd. (family-Asparagaceae) also known by the name “Shatavari” means
"who possesses a hundred husbands or acceptable to many" has been used as a medicine. It is also used successfully for
nervous disorders, inflammation, liver diseases and certain infectious diseases. In the present study, we evaluated the
antibacterial and antifungal investigations were carried out of the crude extracts obtained from the root of Asparagus
racemosus Willd. using different solvents like Petroleum ether, Methanol, Chloroform, Acetone, Ethyl acetate and Water
against Gram positive bacteria like Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus and Gram negative bacteria E coli,
Pseudomonas and the yeast Candida utilis. by in vitro agar well diffusion method. The experiment carried out in the
selected medicinal plant root. The results are discussed with the available literature.
KEYWORDS: Asparagus racemosus, Antimicrobial activity, Solvent extraction, Antifungal, Bacteria, Infections,
Medicinal plants.
Formulation and in vitro evaluation of gastroretentive drug delivery systems of amoxicillin trihydrate
Mohammed Ehtesham Ur Rahman1*, Mohammed Abdul Haseeb2, Mohammed Saleem3, Abdul Naveed4 …………1144
1King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah
4Malla Reddy College of Pharmacy, Hyderabad

ABSTRACT:
Amoxicillin trihydrate has a short biological half life. Floating drug delivery systems of this drug were prepared with the
objective of increasing overall gastric retention time in order to prolong the release. The floating tablets were prepared by
using Hydroxy Propyl Methyl Cellulose (HPMC) polymers at different drug to polymer ratio with gas generating agents
like sodium bicarbonate and citric acid. The granules were prepared by wet granulation technique using polyvinyl
pyrrolidone (PVP) K30dissolved in isopropyl alcohol and were compressed into tablets. Initially the granules were
evaluated for characteristics like bulk density, true density, angle of repose, true density and Carr’s index. The prepared
tablets were evaluated for hardness, friability, uniformity of weight, in vitro buoyancy and in vitro drug release. The
studies revealed that the optimized formulation F11 containing the drug and HPMC K4M polymer in the ratio 1:1, lactose,
sodium bicarbonate and citric acid showed floating lag time of 22 minutes and remained buoyant for more than 24 hrs and
it released 42.88 % of the drug in 6 hours. The results indicate that the prepared floating tablets of amoxicillin trihydrate
provide a better option for increasing the bioavailability than the conventional dosage forms and appear suitable for further
pharmacokinetic and pharmacological studies.
KEYWORDS: Gastroretentive, floating tablets, amoxicillin trihydrate, Hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose, Helicobacter
pylori

Correlation of serum leptin levels with insulin resistance in Syrian obese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Hamed Mohsen1*, Haddad Shaden1, AL Quobili Faiza1, Hammoud Taghrid2…………………………………………………1149

1Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria.
2Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria.

ABSTRACT:
We aim at exploring the probable association among obesity, leptin and insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes mellitus.126
patients (62 women and 64 men) with T2DM, and 74 healthy controls (42 women and 32 men). Type 2 diabetes mellitus
patients were recruited from several medical centers in Damascus. Obesity factors (body mass index BMI, waist
circumference, waist to hip ratio WHR), insulin resistance (HOMA-IR and fasting insulin), fasting Glucose and leptin
were measured.
Serum leptin levels were significantly higher in type2 diabetic patient group in both sexes compared with control group,
and positively correlated with body mass index, waist circumference, waist to hip ratio, HOMA-IR, insulin, in both sexes.
Statistically, there was no significant correlation between serum leptin and glucose in both sexes.
KEYWORDS: Leptin; insulin resistance; obesity; type 2 diabetes mellitus
Evaluation of Anthelmintic Activity of Cassia tora L. Leaves against Pheretima Posthuma
M. Mate, A.S. Kulkarni , P.P. Mehta , S.P. Dhamane…………………………………………………………………….1152

JSPM’s Jayawantrao Sawant College of Pharmacy and Research, Hadapsar, Pune-411028, India.

ABSTRACT:
Helminthic diseases have a worldwide distribution. Development of resistance to anthelmintic drugs has led to the
evaluation of medicinal plants as an alternative source of anthelmintics In the present study aqueous extracts of Cassia
tora L. leaves were evaluated for in-vitro anthelmintic activity at concentrations of 10, 25 and 50 mg/ml against Pheretima
posthuma obtained from the soil. Results were expressed in terms of time for paralysis and time for death of worm.
Albendazole (10mg/ml) was used as reference standard. Aqueous extract at concentration of 10 mg/ml showed comparable
anthelmintic activity with standard while aqueous extracts of concentration 25 and 50 mg/ml found to be more potent than
albendazole. The obtained results provide a support for the use of this plant in traditional medicine and suggest its further
investigation.
KEYWORDS: Cassia tora Linn. Pheretima posthuma, Albendazole, Anthelmintic activity, helminthiasis
Newer Process Development of Trimetazidine Dihydrochloride
Dr. Nandini R. Pai and Swapnali Suhas Patil*………………………………………………………………………….1154

Department of Chemistry, D.G. Ruparel College, Mahim, Mumbai 400016, Maharashtra, INDIA

ABSTRACT:
For the given chemicals to react, the species involved in any reaction must undergo a rearrangement of chemical bonds.
The slowest step in the bond rearrangement produces what is termed a transition state - a chemical species that is neither a
reactant nor a product, but is an intermediate between the two. Energy is required to form the transition state. This energy
is called the Energy of Activation or Ea. Reactants with energy lower than Ea cannot pass through the transition state to
react and become products.
A catalyst works by providing a different route, with lower Ea, for the reaction. In any given time interval, the presence of
a catalyst allows a greater proportion of the reactant species to acquire sufficient energy to pass through the transition state
and become products.
KEYWORDS: Catalyst, Transition state.

Analysis of Emamectin Benzoate Residues in Cauliflower using HPLC
Aiyalu Rajasekaran*, Thangadurai Beneeta, Krishnadas Meeradas, Joy Thomas Sajini and Sandeep Narayanan……1157

Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, KMCH College of Pharmacy, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India.

ABSTRACT:
Irrational use of pesticides in vegetables results in residue accumulation, which is a major health hazard which needs to be
strictly monitored by Regulatory authorities. Emamectin benzoate is an insecticide which belongs to Avermectin, a family
of structurally complex antibiotics produced by a strain of Streptomyces avermitilis. It is the most commonly used
insecticides in vegetables like cauliflower, cabbage, tomato The aim of the study is to determine the amount of insecticide
Emamectin benzoate present in cauliflower. Cauliflower sprayed with recommended dose and double recommended dose
were analyzed for their residual contents. A rapid sensitive HPLC method has been developed and validated for the
determination of emamectin benzoate residues in Cauliflower. Reverse phase HPLC system using acetonitrile: ammonium
acetate buffer; (50:50) as mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.2 ml min-1 with UV detection at 254 nm was used for
quantification of emamectin benzoate. Limit of detection of 2 ng/ml was obtained. Calibration curves that constructed for
the analytes spiked into samples followed linear relationships with good correlation coefficients (R2>0.997). Method used
permitted the determination of these pesticides in cauliflower at concentration level demanded (MRL) by food and
agriculture board. In the analysis, from vegetables treated with emamectin benzoate at double of recommended doses the
residual amounts above respective maximum residue limit (MRL) values were found.
KEYWORDS: Pesticide residues, emamectin benzoate, cauliflower, HPLC
REVIEW ARTICLE

An approach to a Nutraceutical
Mrs. Archana A. Bele1*, Dr. Anubha Khale2……………………………………………………………………………….1161

2H.K College of Pharmacy, Jogeshwari (W), Mumbai M.S.

ABSTRACT:
Nutraceuticals are the isolated or purified product from foods, and generally sold in medicinal forms that have
aphysiological benefit or provide protection against diseases. Mode of action of nutraceuticals is to provide functional
benefits by increasing the supply of natural building blocks in the body. Quality control for the officially and safety of
herbal product is essential. Phytochemicals are determined either by identity, purity, and other physicochemical properties.
Nutraceuticals as phytochemicals have health promoting, disease preventing or medicinal properties and thus promote the
quality of life.
KEYWORDS: Phytochemicals, medicinal foods, nutritional supplements, diseases.
Role of Herbal Drugs in Nephrotoxicity and Neurological Disorder: Connecting a Bridge between Kidney and
Brain
Deepika Dutta*, S.L Harikumar, Amarjot Kaur Grewal. ……………………………………………………………….1165

Rayat and Bahra Institute of Pharmacy, Sahauran, Mohali, Punjab.

ABSTRACT:
Nephrotoxicity is a poisonous effect of some substances both chemical and medication on kidneys. It is the ninth leading
cause of death in United States. Dementia is the loss of memory and cognitive improvement. It is estimated that nearly 13-
16 million people will suffer from dementia by 2050. The nature provides a new opportunity to regain all the losses caused
by medication or by ageing. Cognitive impairment and chronic kidney disease are becoming increasingly prevalent in the
aging US population. A number of herbs traditionally employed in various disease conditions have yielded positive
responses. Kidney and brain are the vital organs of the body. Moderate renal impairment, reflected by a higher Serum
Creatinine, is associated with an excess risk of incident dementia among individuals in good excellent health. Various
herbal drugs such as curcumin, asthwagandha and garlic etc. have been evaluated in both nephrotoxicity and dementia.
Various studies revealed that kidney disease exacerbate various cognitive impairments, so the drugs which are beneficial
in the kidney disorder can treat various kinds of neuronal disorders. Oxidative stress and inflammation act as the key
mediators in kidney and brain disorders, so the drugs with antioxidant potential can be used as a potent target. In this
review we will summarize the role of herbs in nephrotoxicity and dementia connecting the link between kidney and brain.
KEYWORDS: Dementia, Nephrotoxicity and Herbs.
Acacia catechu a Pivotal in Root Canal Treatment-A Review
Suhashini R.1 and Lakshmi T.2*……………………………………………………………………………………………….1169 1II BDS Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Chennai. 2Reader, Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Chennai.

ABSTRACT:
Acacia catechu which is well known by its common names black cutch, black catechu, khadira is commonly found in
India, China, Asia and Indian Ocean areas. It is widely used in Ayurveda for management of various diseases and mainly
for skin diseases. Most of the people in Kerala use boiled Khadira water (karingali water) for drinking purpose. Acacia
catechu is highly valuable for its powerful astringent and antioxidant activities. It is useful in dental, oral, throat infections
and also as an astringent for reducing oozing from chronic ulcers and wounds. The aim of the article is to compile the role
of Acacia catechu in dental practice and its efficacy in management of root canal failure.
KEYWORDS: Acacia catechu, black cutch, astringent, root canal failure.

Source: http://www.anvpublication.org/RJPT/RJPT_6_10_2013_Abstract.pdf